防止电力生产事故的二十五项重点要求（2023版）
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防止电力生产事故的二十五项重点要求（2023版）
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防止电力生产事故的二十五项重点要求
（2023 版）
国家能源局
二〇二三年三月目 录
1 防止人身伤亡事故的重点要求....................................................................................................1
1.1 防止高处坠落事故.............................................................................................................1
1.2 防止触电事故.....................................................................................................................3
1.3 防止物体打击事故.............................................................................................................6
1.4 防止机械伤害事故.............................................................................................................7
1.5 防止灼烫伤害事故.............................................................................................................8
1.6 防止起重伤害事故.............................................................................................................9
1.7 防止坍塌伤害事故...........................................................................................................11
1.8 防止中毒窒息事故...........................................................................................................12
1.9 防止电力生产交通事故...................................................................................................15
1.10 防止电力生产淹溺事故.................................................................................................16
1.11 防止烟气脱硫设备及其系统中人身伤亡事故.............................................................17
1.12 防止液氨储罐泄漏、中毒、爆炸伤人事故.................................................................17
2 防止火灾事故的重点要求..........................................................................................................19
2.1 加强防火组织与消防设施管理.......................................................................................19
2.2 防止发电厂电缆着火事故...............................................................................................21
2.3 防止汽机油系统着火事故...............................................................................................23
2.4 防止燃油罐区及锅炉油系统着火事故...........................................................................24
2.5 防止制粉系统爆炸事故...................................................................................................24
2.6 防止氢气系统爆炸事故...................................................................................................25
2.7 防止输煤皮带着火事故...................................................................................................25
2.8 防止脱硫、湿除系统着火事故.......................................................................................26
2.9 防止氨系统着火爆炸事故...............................................................................................27
2.10 防止天然气系统着火爆炸事故.....................................................................................28
2.11 防止风力发电机组着火事故.........................................................................................30
2.12 防止电化学储能电站火灾事故.....................................................................................32
3 防止电气误操作事故的重点要求..............................................................................................33
3.1防误操作技术措施............................................................................................................33
3.2防误操作管理措施............................................................................................................35
4 防止系统稳定破坏事故的重点要求..........................................................................................35
4.1 加强电源支撑能力...........................................................................................................35
4.2 加强系统网架结构...........................................................................................................37
4.3 加强系统稳定分析及管理...............................................................................................38
4.4 增强电力监控系统（二次系统）可靠性.......................................................................39
4.5 防止系统无功电压稳定破坏...........................................................................................40
4.6 加强大面积停电恢复能力...............................................................................................41
5 防止机网协调及风电机组、光伏逆变器大面积脱网事故的重点要求..................................41
5.1 防止机网协调事故...........................................................................................................41
5.2 防止风电机组、光伏逆变器大面积脱网事故...............................................................46
6 防止锅炉事故的重点要求..........................................................................................................49
6.1 防止锅炉尾部再次燃烧事故...........................................................................................49
I6.2 防止锅炉炉膛爆炸事故...................................................................................................54
6.3 防止制粉系统爆炸和煤尘爆炸事故...............................................................................59
6.4 防止锅炉满水和缺水事故...............................................................................................62
6.5 防止锅炉承压部件失效事故...........................................................................................65
6.6 防止农林生物质发电事故...............................................................................................72
7 防止压力容器等承压设备爆破事故的重点要求......................................................................73
7.1 防止承压设备超压事故...................................................................................................73
7.2 防止氢罐等压力容器爆炸事故.......................................................................................74
7.3 防止压力容器脱检漏检...................................................................................................75
7.4 防止压力容器违规使用...................................................................................................75
8 防止汽轮机、燃气轮机事故的重点要求..................................................................................76
8.1 防止汽轮机超速事故.......................................................................................................76
8.2 防止汽轮机轴系断裂及损坏事故...................................................................................77
8.3 防止汽轮机大轴弯曲事故...............................................................................................79
8.4 防止汽轮机、燃气轮机轴瓦损坏事故...........................................................................82
8.5 防止燃气轮机超速事故...................................................................................................84
8.6 防止燃气轮机轴系断裂及损坏事故...............................................................................85
8.7 防止燃气轮机燃气系统泄漏爆炸事故...........................................................................88
9 防止分散控制系统失灵事故的重点要求..................................................................................90
9.1 防止分散控制系统供电系统事故...................................................................................90
9.2 防止分散控制系统硬件事故...........................................................................................91
9.3 防止就地热工设备异常引发事故...................................................................................92
9.4 防止因检修、维护不当引发事故...................................................................................94
9.5 防止保护系统失灵事故...................................................................................................94
9.6 防止模拟量调节事故.......................................................................................................96
9.7 防止RB系统事故............................................................................................................96
9.8 防止分散控制系统网络事故...........................................................................................96
9.9 防止水电厂（站）计算机监控系统事故.......................................................................97
9.10 防止水机保护失灵.......................................................................................................100
9.11 主控系统失灵的紧急处理措施...................................................................................102
10 防止发电机及调相机损坏事故的重点要求..........................................................................102
10.1 防止定子绕组故障.......................................................................................................102
10.2 防止定子铁心故障.......................................................................................................104
10.3 防止转子绕组故障.......................................................................................................105
10.4 防止转子大轴及护环损伤...........................................................................................107
10.5 防止内冷水系统故障...................................................................................................108
10.6 防止发生局部过热.......................................................................................................110
10.7 防止氢冷发电机漏氢...................................................................................................111
10.8 防止励磁系统故障引起设备损坏...............................................................................113
10.9 防止出线及外部回路设备故障...................................................................................114
10.10 防止非正常运行造成设备损坏.................................................................................116
10.11 防止水轮发电机启停故障.........................................................................................117
10.12 加强在线监测装置运行管理.....................................................................................118
10.13 防止检修不当造成设备损坏.....................................................................................118
II11 防止发电机励磁系统事故的重点要求..................................................................................119
11.1 励磁系统设计的重点要求...........................................................................................119
11.2 励磁系统基建安装及设备改造的重点要求...............................................................120
11.3 励磁系统调整试验的重点要求...................................................................................121
11.4 励磁系统运行安全的重点要求...................................................................................122
12 防止大型变压器和互感器损坏事故的重点要求..................................................................123
12.1 防止变压器出口短路事故...........................................................................................123
12.2 防止变压器绝缘事故...................................................................................................124
12.3 防止变压器保护事故...................................................................................................125
12.4 防止分接开关事故.......................................................................................................125
12.5 防止变压器套管事故...................................................................................................126
（2023 版）
国家能源局
二〇二三年三月目 录
1 防止人身伤亡事故的重点要求....................................................................................................1
1.1 防止高处坠落事故.............................................................................................................1
1.2 防止触电事故.....................................................................................................................3
1.3 防止物体打击事故.............................................................................................................6
1.4 防止机械伤害事故.............................................................................................................7
1.5 防止灼烫伤害事故.............................................................................................................8
1.6 防止起重伤害事故.............................................................................................................9
1.7 防止坍塌伤害事故...........................................................................................................11
1.8 防止中毒窒息事故...........................................................................................................12
1.9 防止电力生产交通事故...................................................................................................15
1.10 防止电力生产淹溺事故.................................................................................................16
1.11 防止烟气脱硫设备及其系统中人身伤亡事故.............................................................17
1.12 防止液氨储罐泄漏、中毒、爆炸伤人事故.................................................................17
2 防止火灾事故的重点要求..........................................................................................................19
2.1 加强防火组织与消防设施管理.......................................................................................19
2.2 防止发电厂电缆着火事故...............................................................................................21
2.3 防止汽机油系统着火事故...............................................................................................23
2.4 防止燃油罐区及锅炉油系统着火事故...........................................................................24
2.5 防止制粉系统爆炸事故...................................................................................................24
2.6 防止氢气系统爆炸事故...................................................................................................25
2.7 防止输煤皮带着火事故...................................................................................................25
2.8 防止脱硫、湿除系统着火事故.......................................................................................26
2.9 防止氨系统着火爆炸事故...............................................................................................27
2.10 防止天然气系统着火爆炸事故.....................................................................................28
2.11 防止风力发电机组着火事故.........................................................................................30
2.12 防止电化学储能电站火灾事故.....................................................................................32
3 防止电气误操作事故的重点要求..............................................................................................33
3.1防误操作技术措施............................................................................................................33
3.2防误操作管理措施............................................................................................................35
4 防止系统稳定破坏事故的重点要求..........................................................................................35
4.1 加强电源支撑能力...........................................................................................................35
4.2 加强系统网架结构...........................................................................................................37
4.3 加强系统稳定分析及管理...............................................................................................38
4.4 增强电力监控系统（二次系统）可靠性.......................................................................39
4.5 防止系统无功电压稳定破坏...........................................................................................40
4.6 加强大面积停电恢复能力...............................................................................................41
5 防止机网协调及风电机组、光伏逆变器大面积脱网事故的重点要求..................................41
5.1 防止机网协调事故...........................................................................................................41
5.2 防止风电机组、光伏逆变器大面积脱网事故...............................................................46
6 防止锅炉事故的重点要求..........................................................................................................49
6.1 防止锅炉尾部再次燃烧事故...........................................................................................49
I6.2 防止锅炉炉膛爆炸事故...................................................................................................54
6.3 防止制粉系统爆炸和煤尘爆炸事故...............................................................................59
6.4 防止锅炉满水和缺水事故...............................................................................................62
6.5 防止锅炉承压部件失效事故...........................................................................................65
6.6 防止农林生物质发电事故...............................................................................................72
7 防止压力容器等承压设备爆破事故的重点要求......................................................................73
7.1 防止承压设备超压事故...................................................................................................73
7.2 防止氢罐等压力容器爆炸事故.......................................................................................74
7.3 防止压力容器脱检漏检...................................................................................................75
7.4 防止压力容器违规使用...................................................................................................75
8 防止汽轮机、燃气轮机事故的重点要求..................................................................................76
8.1 防止汽轮机超速事故.......................................................................................................76
8.2 防止汽轮机轴系断裂及损坏事故...................................................................................77
8.3 防止汽轮机大轴弯曲事故...............................................................................................79
8.4 防止汽轮机、燃气轮机轴瓦损坏事故...........................................................................82
8.5 防止燃气轮机超速事故...................................................................................................84
8.6 防止燃气轮机轴系断裂及损坏事故...............................................................................85
8.7 防止燃气轮机燃气系统泄漏爆炸事故...........................................................................88
9 防止分散控制系统失灵事故的重点要求..................................................................................90
9.1 防止分散控制系统供电系统事故...................................................................................90
9.2 防止分散控制系统硬件事故...........................................................................................91
9.3 防止就地热工设备异常引发事故...................................................................................92
9.4 防止因检修、维护不当引发事故...................................................................................94
9.5 防止保护系统失灵事故...................................................................................................94
9.6 防止模拟量调节事故.......................................................................................................96
9.7 防止RB系统事故............................................................................................................96
9.8 防止分散控制系统网络事故...........................................................................................96
9.9 防止水电厂（站）计算机监控系统事故.......................................................................97
9.10 防止水机保护失灵.......................................................................................................100
9.11 主控系统失灵的紧急处理措施...................................................................................102
10 防止发电机及调相机损坏事故的重点要求..........................................................................102
10.1 防止定子绕组故障.......................................................................................................102
10.2 防止定子铁心故障.......................................................................................................104
10.3 防止转子绕组故障.......................................................................................................105
10.4 防止转子大轴及护环损伤...........................................................................................107
10.5 防止内冷水系统故障...................................................................................................108
10.6 防止发生局部过热.......................................................................................................110
10.7 防止氢冷发电机漏氢...................................................................................................111
10.8 防止励磁系统故障引起设备损坏...............................................................................113
10.9 防止出线及外部回路设备故障...................................................................................114
10.10 防止非正常运行造成设备损坏.................................................................................116
10.11 防止水轮发电机启停故障.........................................................................................117
10.12 加强在线监测装置运行管理.....................................................................................118
10.13 防止检修不当造成设备损坏.....................................................................................118
II11 防止发电机励磁系统事故的重点要求..................................................................................119
11.1 励磁系统设计的重点要求...........................................................................................119
11.2 励磁系统基建安装及设备改造的重点要求...............................................................120
11.3 励磁系统调整试验的重点要求...................................................................................121
11.4 励磁系统运行安全的重点要求...................................................................................122
12 防止大型变压器和互感器损坏事故的重点要求..................................................................123
12.1 防止变压器出口短路事故...........................................................................................123
12.2 防止变压器绝缘事故...................................................................................................124
12.3 防止变压器保护事故...................................................................................................125
12.4 防止分接开关事故.......................................................................................................125
12.5 防止变压器套管事故...................................................................................................126
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